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Related Concept Videos

Carbohydrate Absorption01:25

Carbohydrate Absorption

Carbohydrates are essential macronutrients that serve as the body's primary energy source. Their digestion begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase partially breaks down complex carbohydrates such as starch into smaller oligosaccharides. This mechanical and enzymatic activity prepares carbohydrates for further processing in the gastrointestinal tract.
After being swallowed, the partially digested carbohydrates mix with gastric secretions in the stomach. However, the acidic environment...
Carbohydrate Digestion00:57

Carbohydrate Digestion

Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism break down simple and complex carbohydrates from food into saccharides (i.e., sugars) for the body to use as energy. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. The masticated carbohydrates remain intact in the stomach. Digestion resumes in the duodenum of the small intestine, where pancreatic alpha-amylase and brush border enzymes of the microvilli convert complex carbohydrates to monosaccharides. Finally, the monosaccharides...
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the colonic...
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
08:42

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Published on: November 27, 2016

Carbohydrate malabsorption in clinical routine: a prospective observational study.

Peter Born1, Marina Sekatcheva, Thomas Rösch

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich, Germany. peter.born@lrz.tum.de

Hepato-Gastroenterology
|November 8, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Carbohydrate malabsorption, including fructose and sorbitol, is common in patients with abdominal symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve patient outcomes, highlighting its importance in differential diagnosis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
08:42

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Published on: November 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Digestive Health
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Nonspecific abdominal symptoms are a global health concern.
  • Carbohydrate malabsorption is an underdiagnosed cause, often overlooked beyond lactose intolerance.
  • Fructose and sorbitol malabsorption are prevalent, particularly in Western populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prevalence of carbohydrate malabsorption in patients with unexplained abdominal symptoms.
  • To assess the impact of diagnosing carbohydrate malabsorption on patient treatment and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-month prospective study involving 90 patients undergoing H2 exhalation tests.
  • Collected data included test results, physician assessments, and patient-reported symptom improvement.
  • Evaluated malabsorption of lactose, fructose, and sorbitol.

Main Results:

  • 52% of patients exhibited at least one form of carbohydrate malabsorption.
  • Malabsorption rates were 34% for lactose, 61% for fructose, and 91% for sorbitol.
  • Physicians and patients reported significant treatment benefits in 52-77% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • Carbohydrate malabsorption is a critical, often underestimated, differential diagnosis for nonspecific abdominal complaints.
  • Accurate diagnosis and interpretation of H2 exhalation tests are vital for effective patient management.
  • Increased awareness and testing for fructose and sorbitol malabsorption are recommended.