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Related Concept Videos

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

[Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell temporal arteritis].

I V Tereshchenko

    Klinicheskaia Meditsina
    |November 8, 2006
    PubMed
    Summary

    Polymyalgia rheumatica and Horton's disease are often diagnosed late. Early diagnosis and treatment with prednisolone are crucial for managing symptoms like pain and arthritis, improving patient outcomes.

    Area of Science:

    • Rheumatology
    • Internal Medicine

    Context:

    • Polymyalgia rheumatica and Horton's disease are inflammatory conditions often presenting with pain, arthritis, and fever.
    • These conditions are frequently diagnosed late, complicating management.
    • An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a key diagnostic indicator.

    Purpose:

    • To provide a contemporary overview of the prevalence, etiology, and pathogenesis of polymyalgia rheumatica and Horton's disease.
    • To highlight diagnostic and differential diagnostic challenges, emphasizing the need for timely identification.
    • To detail current treatment strategies, including glucocorticoid therapy and its adjustments.

    Summary:

    • The article reviews the clinical features, including pain, arthritis, and fever, associated with polymyalgia rheumatica and Horton's disease.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

    An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
    06:35

    An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

    Published on: February 8, 2019

  • It emphasizes diagnostic difficulties and the importance of recognizing elevated ESR.
  • Treatment with prednisolone, including therapy stages, dose adjustments, and combination therapies, is discussed in detail.

    • Impact:

    • Improved understanding of polymyalgia rheumatica and Horton's disease for earlier diagnosis.
    • Guidance on effective treatment protocols using prednisolone and other agents.
    • Enhanced clinical management strategies and prognosis assessment for patients.