[Atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus].

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Endocrinology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a growing clinical and epidemiological challenge.
• Diabetes mellitus, influenced by genetics and environment, is a key factor in atherosclerosis development.
• Lifestyle factors like hypernutrition and inactivity exacerbate diabetes and related conditions (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance).

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the increased prevalence and risk of atherosclerosis in diabetic individuals.
• To emphasize the heightened risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
• To underscore the importance of managing associated risk factors for IHD prevention in diabetes.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical and epidemiological data on cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
• Analysis of findings from major trials like the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT).
• Examination of epidemiological studies, such as a Finnish study on T2DM and IHD risk.

Main Results:

• Atherosclerosis prevalence is 2-3 times higher in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetics.
• Patients with T2DM face an extremely high risk of developing ischemic heart disease.
• Genetic predisposition combined with environmental factors drives these conditions.

Conclusions:

• Diabetes mellitus is a major contributor to atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular events.
• Effective management of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and other risk factors is essential for preventing ischemic heart disease in diabetic patients.
• Integrated strategies are needed to address the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors in CVD development.