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Related Concept Videos

Schemas01:42

Schemas

A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Impact of Schemas01:30

Impact of Schemas

Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...
Globular and Fibrous Proteins02:21

Globular and Fibrous Proteins

Many proteins can be classified into two distinct subtypes - globular or fibrous. These two types differ in their shapes and solubilities.
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Protein Families02:47

Protein Families

Protein families are groups of homologous proteins; that is, they have similarities in amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. Protein families usually occur because of gene duplication, where an additional copy of a gene is inserted into the genome of an organism.   Mutations that change the amino acids but still allow the protein to be properly synthesized, will lead to new protein family members.   If these new proteins contain similar amino acids in key locations, protein...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways
08:01

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways

Published on: February 8, 2017

XML schemas for common bioinformatic data types and their application in workflow systems.

Philipp N Seibel1, Jan Krüger, Sven Hartmeier

  • 1Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. philipp.seibel@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de <philipp.seibel@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de>

BMC Bioinformatics
|November 8, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Bioinformatic software tools require common data formats for workflow integration. The Helmholtz Open BioInformatics Technology network (HOBIT) developed XML schemas and a Java library (BioDOM) to enable seamless tool interoperability.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways
08:01

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways

Published on: February 8, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology
  • Software Engineering

Background:

  • Bioinformatic tools often use diverse, heterogeneous data formats, hindering workflow integration.
  • Combining single-task software into complex applications necessitates standardized data exchange.
  • Lack of common formats impedes the creation of seamless bioinformatic workflows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the need for common data formats in bioinformatics.
  • To develop standardized descriptions for essential bioinformatics data types.
  • To facilitate the interoperability of diverse bioinformatic software tools.

Main Methods:

  • The Helmholtz Open BioInformatics Technology network (HOBIT) identified key bioinformatics data types.
  • Developed XML schemas for sequence, sequence alignment, RNA secondary structure, and RNA secondary structure alignment.
  • Integrated these XML schemas into a Java library named BioDOM.

Main Results:

  • Created a set of XML schemas for fundamental bioinformatics data formats.
  • The BioDOM library provides a Java implementation for these XML formats.
  • The formats are program-independent, promoting seamless data exchange between tools.
  • XML schemas and BioDOM library are publicly available online.

Conclusions:

  • The HOBIT XML schemas and BioDOM library simplify the integration of XML support into bioinformatic tools.
  • Enables seamless interoperability of bioinformatic tools within workflow scenarios.
  • Facilitates the development of complex, integrated bioinformatic applications.