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Tension

Tension

Tension is a force along the length of a medium, in particular, a force carried by a flexible medium, such as a rope or cable. The word "tension" comes from Latin, meaning "to stretch". Not coincidentally, the flexible cords that carry muscle forces to other parts of the body are called tendons. Any flexible connector, such as a string, rope, chain, wire, or cable, can exert pull only parallel to its length; so, a force carried by a flexible connector is a tension with a direction parallel to...

Tension

Tension

Tension is a force along the length of a medium, in particular, a force carried by a flexible medium, such as a rope or cable. The word "tension" comes from Latin, meaning "to stretch". Not coincidentally, the flexible cords that carry muscle forces to other parts of the body are called tendons. Any flexible connector, such as a string, rope, chain, wire, or cable, can exert pull only parallel to its length; so, a force carried by a flexible connector is a tension with a direction parallel to...

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

Stress: General Loading Conditions

Stress: General Loading Conditions

To grasp the intricacy of real-world conditions where multiple loads are applied simultaneously to a structure, one might visualize a section passing through a specific point within a body, aligned parallel to the xy plane. This section is subjected to various forces, including original loads, normal forces, and shearing forces.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes.

Components of Stress

Components of Stress

Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
Interestingly, the hidden cube faces also experience these stresses, equal and opposite to those on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Burden of tension-type headache.

Marc E Lenaerts¹

¹Department of Neurology, Headache Section, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, 711 Stanton L. Young Boulevard #215, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. marc-lenaerts@ouhsc.edu

Current Pain and Headache Reports

|November 8, 2006

Summary

Tension-type headaches impose significant societal costs, impacting both individuals and economies. This review highlights the substantial burden of tension-type headaches and explores potential solutions.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Public Health
Epidemiology

Background:

Headache disorders represent a significant global health burden.
Existing research predominantly focuses on migraine, neglecting other prevalent headache types.
Tension-type headache (TTH) is a common yet understudied condition.

Purpose of the Study:

To estimate the societal burden of tension-type headaches.
To review current data on the impact of TTH.
To explore factors influencing the management of TTH.

Main Methods:

Literature review of emerging epidemiological data on TTH.
Analysis of human and financial costs associated with TTH.
Consideration of comorbidity and indirect implications.

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Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

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Published on: June 2, 2014

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves

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Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Published on: July 29, 2021

Main Results:

The overall human and financial cost of headache, particularly TTH, is considerable.
Indirect implications and comorbidity significantly amplify the societal impact of TTH.
Emerging data indicates a substantial burden imparted by TTH on society.

Conclusions:

Tension-type headache represents a significant public health challenge.
Further research and targeted interventions are needed to mitigate the societal burden of TTH.
Addressing TTH requires a comprehensive approach considering its multifaceted impact.