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Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Panic episodes among patients with diabetes.

Evette Ludman1, Wayne Katon, Joan Russo

  • 1Center for Health Studies, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. ludman.e@ghc.org

General Hospital Psychiatry
|November 8, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Panic episodes are common in people with diabetes, affecting disease status and functioning. Addressing anxiety and mood disorders is crucial for managing diabetes care.

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Published on: June 11, 2012

Effects of Mindfulness Training Combined with Tai Chi in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
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Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Endocrinology
  • Behavioral Medicine

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition with significant physical and psychological comorbidities.
  • Panic episodes, characterized by sudden intense fear, can impact overall health and well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of panic episodes in individuals with diabetes.
  • To identify demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors associated with panic symptoms in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was mailed to 4385 patients with diabetes, assessing panic episodes, depression, diabetes symptoms, quality of life, disability, smoking status, and body mass index.
  • Automated medical records provided data on diabetes treatment, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, diabetes complications, and medical comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • 4.4% of participants reported recent panic episodes, with 54.5% of those also meeting criteria for major depression.
  • Panic episodes were significantly associated with higher HbA1c levels, increased diabetes complications and symptoms, greater disability, and lower self-rated health and functioning, even after controlling for depression.

Conclusions:

  • Panic is strongly linked to poorer disease status and functional impairment in individuals with diabetes.
  • Given the high comorbidity with depression, clinical interventions for diabetes should consider addressing anxiety and mood disorders.