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Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

[Thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto thyroiditis].

S Intidhar Labidi¹, A M'Hiri Chaabouni, T Kraiem

¹Institut Salah Azaiez, Boulevard 9 avril, 1006 Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisie. intidhar_labidi@yahoo.fr

Annales D'Oto-Laryngologie Et De Chirurgie Cervico Faciale : Bulletin De La Societe D'Oto-Laryngologie Des Hopitaux De Paris

|November 8, 2006

Summary

This study found no increased incidence of thyroid cancer in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) who underwent surgery. While 12 thyroid cancers were observed, this was not considered a higher rate in this specific patient group.

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

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An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Pathology

Background:

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune thyroid disease.
The association between HT and thyroid carcinoma requires further investigation.
Understanding this relationship is crucial for patient management and diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the occurrence of thyroid carcinoma.
To analyze clinical data and pre-operative tests in patients with HT and concurrent thyroid cancer.

Main Methods:

Retrospective study of 78 patients diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis post-surgery.
Surgical procedures were conducted between 2001 and 2002.
Clinical data and diagnostic tests were reviewed.

Main Results:

The study included 77 females and 1 male, with a mean age of 44.6 years.
Twelve cases (15.4%) of thyroid cancer were found in association with HT.
The majority were papillary carcinomas (11 cases), with one non-Hodgkin B lymphoma. Tumor size ranged from 4 to 60 mm (mean 26 mm).

Conclusions:

No increased incidence of thyroid cancer was observed in this highly selected cohort of HT patients.
The findings suggest that HT alone may not significantly elevate thyroid cancer risk in surgically treated patients.
Further research with larger, diverse populations is warranted.