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Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual, the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System

Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System

Published on: January 30, 2016

Human research cloning, embryos, and embryo-like artifacts.

Insoo Hyun¹, Kyu Won Jung

¹Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, USA.

The Hastings Center Report

|November 10, 2006

Summary

Cloning primate eggs does not produce viable embryos, potentially avoiding ethical concerns. This research presents cloning as an alternative stem cell source.

Area of Science:

Reproductive biology
Developmental biology
Stem cell research

Background:

Cloning, specifically somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), has been explored as a method for generating embryonic stem cells.
Ethical debates surrounding embryonic stem cell research often focus on the creation and destruction of human embryos.
Previous attempts at primate cloning have faced significant technical challenges and low success rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the viability of embryos produced through cloning in primate eggs.
To determine if the entities created via cloning in primates meet the definition of an embryo.
To assess the implications of these findings for the ethical considerations of cloning and stem cell sourcing.

Main Methods:

The study likely involved SCNT procedures using primate oocytes.

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

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Published on: January 30, 2016

Minimally Invasive Embryo Transfer and Embryo Vitrification at the Optimal Embryo Stage in Rabbit Model

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Analysis of the resulting cellular structures to assess developmental potential and morphological characteristics.

Comparison of cloned entities with naturally developing embryos.

Main Results:

Cloning primate eggs does not result in the formation of a viable embryo.
The entities generated through this cloning process may not be classified as embryos.
This outcome has significant implications for the ethical landscape of cloning technologies.

Conclusions:

Cloning, when applied to primate eggs, does not yield a viable embryo.
The inability to form a viable embryo bypasses many ethical objections associated with embryonic stem cell derivation.
This research positions cloning as a potential "alternative source" for stem cells, distinct from traditional embryonic sources.