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Protic ionic liquids: solvents with tunable phase behavior and physicochemical properties.

Tamar L Greaves1, Asoka Weerawardena, Celesta Fong

  • 1CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|November 10, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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This study explores protic ionic liquids and fused salts, revealing their phase behavior and physicochemical properties. Structural modifications allow tuning of properties for diverse applications.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Protic ionic liquids and fused salts are synthesized from primary amines and Brønsted acids.
  • These solvents exhibit diverse phase behaviors, including glass transitions and melting points.
  • Their physicochemical properties are crucial for potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phase behavior and physicochemical properties of 25 protic ionic liquids and fused salts.
  • To establish structure-property relationships for these novel solvents.
  • To explore their potential applications based on tunable properties.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of phase transitions (glass, melting, boiling).
  • Measurement of physicochemical properties (density, viscosity, conductivity, surface tension).

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  • Systematic structural modifications (hydroxyl groups, alkyl chains, branching, anion type).

    • Main Results:

    • Protic fused salts are often liquid at room temperature with low viscosities and high ionic conductivities.
    • Glass transitions were observed at low temperatures (-114 to -44 °C) with high fragility.
    • Structural modifications significantly influence phase transition temperatures and physicochemical properties.

    Conclusions:

    • Protic ionic liquids and fused salts offer tunable properties through simple structural modifications.
    • Despite poorer ionic behavior than aprotic counterparts, their unique physicochemical properties are promising.
    • These solvents are anticipated to find applications beyond those of aprotic ionic liquids.