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Related Concept Videos

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals01:27

Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals

Lattice energy represents the energy released when gaseous cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid, reflecting the strength of electrostatic interactions within the crystal. This process is fundamentally governed by Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions, where the potential energy varies inversely with the interionic distance and directly with the product of ionic charges. As ions approach one another, the electrostatic energy becomes increasingly negative, indicating a...
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Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Solutions01:19

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Solutions

For an ideal liquid solution, the standard state of each component is defined as the pure liquid at the temperature and pressure of the solution. Similarly, for solid solutions, the standard state is the pure solid. The chemical potentials of the components in the ideal solution are compared to the chemical potentials of the pure substances in their standard states. These standard states provide a reference point for calculating the thermodynamic properties of ideal solutions.For ideal...
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Thermodynamic Systems

A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
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Published on: May 27, 2020

A new molecular thermodynamic model for multicomponent Ising lattice.

Jianyong Yang1, Qin Xin, Lei Sun

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|November 10, 2006
PubMed
Summary

A new thermodynamic model accurately predicts mixing properties and phase behavior in multicomponent systems. This molecular Ising lattice model offers improved accuracy over existing theories for practical engineering applications.

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Existing thermodynamic models struggle with accurate predictions for multicomponent systems.
  • Lattice-based models are crucial for understanding molecular interactions and phase behavior.
  • Nonrandom factors are key parameters in thermodynamic modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a novel molecular thermodynamic model for multicomponent Ising lattices.
  • Improve predictions of mixing properties and liquid-liquid phase equilibrium.
  • Provide a more accurate and practical model for engineering applications.

Main Methods:

  • Generalized nonrandom factor derived from binary systems.
  • Application to ternary and quaternary systems within the Ising lattice framework.
  • Comparison with simulation results and established theories (Flory-Huggins, lattice-cluster).

Main Results:

  • Accurate predictions of nonrandom factors and internal energy of mixing for multicomponent systems.
  • Nearly perfect agreement with simulation data for ternary liquid-liquid phase equilibrium.
  • Substantial improvement over Flory-Huggins theory and lattice-cluster theory predictions.
  • Satisfactory correlation of experimental data for real ternary systems.

Conclusions:

  • The new molecular thermodynamic model demonstrates high accuracy for multicomponent systems.
  • The model offers significant improvements in predicting liquid-liquid phase equilibrium.
  • Its concise formulation and accuracy make it suitable for practical engineering applications.