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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
Published on: April 1, 2018
[Genetic findings in Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)]
Benno Graf Schimmelmann1, Susann Friedel, Hanna Christiansen
1Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Rheinische Kliniken Essen, Virchowstrasse 174, DE-45147 Essen. bschimme@aol.com
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. Genetic research points to specific chromosomal regions and gene variants, particularly in the dopaminergic system, as contributing factors.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Psychiatry
Context:
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects 3-7% of children and adolescents.
- Genetic studies indicate a high heritability (0.6-0.8) and increased familial risk for ADHD.
- Previous research identified potential chromosomal regions and candidate genes associated with ADHD.
Purpose:
- To review current genetic findings in ADHD.
- To highlight promising research avenues in ADHD neurobiology.
- To emphasize the need for large-scale genetic studies.
Summary:
- Genome scans suggest linkage to chromosome 5p13.
- Meta-analyses of candidate genes show associations with DRD4, DRD5, HTR1B, and SNAP-25.
- Animal models focusing on the dopaminergic system show promise for understanding hyperactivity.
Impact:
- Multiple gene polymorphisms likely contribute to ADHD, with varying combinations in individuals.
- Advanced technologies like SNP-based genome scans are crucial for detecting these polymorphisms.
- Further research is essential to fully elucidate the neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD.
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