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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
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Human Genetics

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
09:00

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing

Published on: August 16, 2024

[Genetics of dyslexia].

Gerd Schulte-Körne1, Andreas Warnke, Helmut Remschmidt

  • 11 Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München, Pettenkoferstrasse 8a, DE-80336 München.

Zeitschrift Fur Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrie Und Psychotherapie
|November 10, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Dyslexia is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with significant genetic links. Research is investigating genetic factors, neuronal migration genes, and gene-environment interactions to understand its causes and improve therapies.

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Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
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Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Genetics of learning disabilities
  • Cognitive neuroscience

Context:

  • Dyslexia is a prevalent developmental disorder with unclear etiology.
  • Strong familial aggregation suggests a genetic component.
  • Associated deficits include phonological awareness, memory, and naming speed.

Purpose:

  • To clarify the complex etiology of dyslexia.
  • To identify genetic factors contributing to dyslexia and related traits.
  • To understand gene-environment interactions in dyslexia.

Summary:

  • Dyslexia exhibits significant heritability (50-70%) for reading and spelling.
  • Candidate genes (DCDC2, KIAA0319, ROBO1, DYX1C1) involved in neuronal migration are implicated.
  • Comorbidity with ADHD and SLI may stem from shared genetic factors.

Impact:

  • Future research should integrate genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors in large samples.
  • Understanding gene-environment and gene-gene interactions is crucial.
  • Ongoing EU-funded projects aim to elucidate the biological basis for improved diagnostics and therapies.