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Related Experiment Videos

Migraine: a research field matured for the basic neurosciences.

J Olesen1, L Edvinsson

  • 1Department of Neurology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Trends in Neurosciences
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Recent migraine research clarifies pain mechanisms and identifies effective treatments. Studies show calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and serotonin (5-HT) involvement, leading to targeted therapies like 5-HT1D receptor agonists.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Migraine research has advanced significantly, improving diagnostic clarity with updated classifications.
  • Understanding migraine pathophysiology has progressed from regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies to identifying pain origins in arterial nociceptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying migraine pain.
  • To explore the role of specific neurochemicals and receptors in migraine pathophysiology.
  • To guide the development of targeted migraine therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) patterns.
  • Investigation of pial and extracranial artery innervation and receptor mechanisms.
  • Demonstration of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) involvement during attacks.

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Main Results:

  • Established a characteristic rCBF abnormality pattern potentially linked to spreading cortical depression.
  • Identified excitation of perivascular pial arterial nociceptors as a likely source of migraine pain.
  • Confirmed the involvement of CGRP and 5-HT in migraine attacks, with 5-HT1D receptor agonists showing high efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Migraine mechanisms are increasingly understood through neuroscientific research.
  • Targeting specific pathways, such as those involving CGRP and 5-HT, offers effective therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research on 5-HT1D receptor location and function is crucial for advancing migraine treatment.