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Bio-microarray fabrication techniques--a review.

Irena Barbulovic-Nad¹, Michael Lucente, Yu Sun

¹Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

|November 11, 2006

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This review explores microarray fabrication techniques, comparing contact printing

Area of Science:

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
Molecular Biology and Genomics

Background:

Microarrays are essential tools for biological research, enabling genomics, proteomics, and cell analysis.
They involve immobilizing biomolecules, cells, or tissues on solid substrates.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current state of microarray fabrication technologies.
To categorize and compare different spot formation techniques.

Main Methods:

Categorization into "contact printing" and "non-contact printing" based on spot formation.
Discussion of specific methods within each category, such as pin printing, microstamping, photochemistry, laser writing, electrospray deposition, and inkjet technologies.

Main Results:

Contact printing methods (pin printing, microstamping) offer reproducibility and ease of maintenance but have low throughput.

Related Experiment Videos

Non-contact printing techniques (photochemistry, laser writing, electrospray, inkjet) offer higher throughput potential but face challenges like satellite drops and biomolecule denaturation.

Conclusions:

Microarray fabrication methods present a trade-off between throughput and technical challenges.
Advancements in non-contact printing hold promise for increasing fabrication efficiency, provided current limitations are addressed.