Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading01:12

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical bending,...
Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry01:16

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.
Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving01:29

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving

Consider a crane whose telescopic boom rotates with an angular velocity of 0.04 rad/s and angular acceleration of 0.02 rad/s2. Along with the rotation, the boom also extends linearly with a uniform speed of 5 m/s. The extension of the boom is measured at point D, which is measured with respect to the fixed point C on the other end of the boom. For the given instant, the distance between points C and D is 60 meters.
Here, in order to determine the magnitude of velocity and acceleration for point...
Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts

In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

PMHS Sled Testing of Reclined Small Female Occupants: Pelvic Dynamics and Injury Evaluation.

Stapp car crash journal·2026
Same author

Perspective/short review: STAT surgery is the standard of care for treating significant spinal epidural abscesses.

Surgical neurology international·2026
Same author

Experimental wound ballistic study to understand biomechanical differences in gunshot wounds from various bullets and firearms: implications for clinical care and forensic analysis.

Forensic science, medicine, and pathology·2025
Same author

Methods for assessing submarining occurrence in PMHS frontal sled tests: Exploring potential indicators.

Traffic injury prevention·2025
Same author

Impactor Displacement as a Predictor of Thoraco-Abdominal Organ Injury: Comparison of Isolated Organ to Whole Body Tests.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2025
Same author

Validation and application of a finite element model simulating failure thresholds of skin during blunt puncture with varying impactor geometries.

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Impact Mitigation in Modern Football Helmets: Advances and Limitations of Position-Specific Designs
07:36

Impact Mitigation in Modern Football Helmets: Advances and Limitations of Position-Specific Designs

Published on: January 13, 2026

Characterizing occipital condyle loads under high-speed head rotation.

Frank A Pintar1, Narayan Yoganandan, Jamie Baisden

  • 1Neuroscience and Biomechanics Research Laboratories, VA Medical Center Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53295, USA. fpintar@mcw.edu.

Stapp Car Crash Journal
|November 11, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed instrumentation to test post mortem human subjects (PMHS) and anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) under head-neck loading. The THOR-NT ATD showed improved biofidelity over the Hybrid III, providing valuable data for injury assessment.

More Related Videos

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact
07:30

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

Published on: September 21, 2017

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Impact Mitigation in Modern Football Helmets: Advances and Limitations of Position-Specific Designs
07:36

Impact Mitigation in Modern Football Helmets: Advances and Limitations of Position-Specific Designs

Published on: January 13, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact
07:30

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

Published on: September 21, 2017

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Injury Biomechanics
  • Anthropomorphic Test Device Development

Background:

  • Evaluating anthropomorphic test device (ATD) biofidelity under high-head angular accelerations is crucial for understanding human head-neck complex responses.
  • Existing methods require validated instrumentation for intact post mortem human subject (PMHS) testing to accurately characterize head-neck responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate instrumentation for PMHS testing under high-rate chin loading.
  • To characterize the head-neck complex response of PMHS under this loading scenario.
  • To evaluate the biofidelity of Hybrid III and THOR-NT ATD head-neck systems.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted rigid-arm pendulum and inertially loaded ATD tests.
  • Performed hydraulic piston chin pull tests on ATDs and PMHS.
  • Utilized parametric analysis to assess the sensitivity of force and moment calculations to errors in center of gravity (CG) location and moment of inertia (MOI).

Main Results:

  • Small errors in CG location (+/- 3 mm or 2 degrees) and MOI (5%) led to significant errors (up to 17% and 8%, respectively) in force and moment calculations.
  • Occipital condyle moments differed by up to 24% when using a 5% MOI error compared to upper load cell derived moments.
  • PMHS testing revealed predominantly C1-C2 separations or partial separations.
  • Established injury risk curves for tensile force and extension moment, with 50th percentile probabilities for AIS 2+ injuries at 2400 N (tensile force) and 51 Nm (extension moment).
  • The THOR-NT ATD demonstrated more biofidelic responses compared to the Hybrid III ATD.

Conclusions:

  • Direct measurement of head CG and mass MOI for each specimen is essential for accurate biomechanical calculations.
  • The THOR-NT ATD, with its alternate head-neck junction design, offers improved biofidelity for simulating head-neck complex responses under high-rate chin loading.
  • The study provides critical data for refining ATD biofidelity and understanding human neck injury mechanisms.