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Related Concept Videos

Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Conserved Binding Sites

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Related Experiment Video

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An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins
09:33

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Published on: June 26, 2018

Patterns of sequence conservation in presynaptic neural genes.

Dexter Hadley1, Tara Murphy, Otto Valladares

  • 1Penn Center for Bioinformatics, 423 Guardian Drive, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

Genome Biology
|November 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified highly conserved noncoding elements in presynaptic genes, suggesting novel regulatory roles in neurotransmission. These findings aid in understanding synaptic function and selecting targets for neurodevelopmental disorder studies.

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Published on: September 17, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Neuronal synapses are crucial for central nervous system function.
  • Synaptic functions are evolutionarily conserved across species.
  • Presynaptic genes play key roles in neurotransmitter release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify conserved functional sequences in genes related to neurotransmitter release.
  • To investigate the evolutionary conservation of presynaptic genes and regulatory elements.
  • To develop a database for synaptic gene functional genomics.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative sequence analysis of 150 presynaptic genes across eight vertebrate species.
  • Evolutionary rate analysis of presynaptic proteins.
  • Identification and characterization of conserved noncoding elements (CNEs).

Main Results:

  • Presynaptic proteins generally evolve slowly, with some exceptions in large gene families.
  • Over 26,000 conserved elements were identified across 46 megabases of presynaptic genes.
  • 504 exceptionally long conserved elements (>360 bp) were found in intergenic and intronic regions, with many forming stable RNA structures.

Conclusions:

  • Conserved noncoding elements in presynaptic genes likely regulate gene expression at transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels.
  • Comparative sequence analysis aids in identifying genes and regulatory sequences for future functional and variation studies.
  • The SynapseDB database integrates these findings for synaptic gene research.