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Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

Pulse Assessment Sites

Pulse Assessment Sites

Pulse assessment sites are crucial in evaluating a patient's cardiovascular health. By assessing the pulsations of arteries at specific anatomical locations, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about blood flow, heart rate, and peripheral circulation. Understanding these pulse assessment sites is essential for conducting comprehensive cardiovascular evaluations and monitoring patients' overall health. These sites are strategically chosen due to the accessibility and...

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

Foot and ankle injuries in dance.

Nancy J Kadel¹

¹Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Box 356500, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. kadel@u.washington.edu

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America

|November 14, 2006

Summary

Dancers experience athletic overuse injuries and unique foot and ankle problems. This review covers common issues, diagnosis, and treatment for dancers.

Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Dance Medicine
Orthopedics

Background:

Dancers are prone to overuse injuries, similar to other athletes.
Dancers also face unique biomechanical challenges leading to specific injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

To review common foot and ankle injuries in dancers.
To provide basic diagnostic and treatment strategies for these conditions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of dance-related foot and ankle pathologies.
Synthesis of diagnostic criteria and treatment options.

Main Results:

Identified common injuries include stress fractures, tendinopathies, and ligament sprains.
Outlined diagnostic approaches focusing on clinical examination and imaging.

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Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

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Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination

Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination

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Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Published on: September 18, 2020

Summarized conservative and surgical treatment modalities.

Conclusions:

Foot and ankle injuries are prevalent in dancers.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for dancer recovery and performance.
Addressing both general athletic and dancer-specific injuries is essential.