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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
Published on: May 23, 2025
Challenges and obstacles of ocular pharmacokinetics and drug delivery
1Drug Discovery and Development Technology Center, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract:
Modern biological research has produced increasing number of promising therapeutic possibilities for medical treatment. These include for example growth factors, monoclonal antibodies, gene knockdown methods, gene therapy, surgical transplantations and tissue engineering. Ocular application of these possibilities involves drug delivery in many forms. Ocular drug delivery is hampered by the barriers protecting the eye. This review presents an overview of the essential factors in ocular pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacological future challenges in ophthalmology.
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