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Related Concept Videos

Confidence Coefficient01:24

Confidence Coefficient

The confidence coefficient is also known as the confidence level or degree of confidence. It is the percent expression for the probability, 1-α, that the confidence interval contains the true population parameter assuming that the confidence interval is obtained after sufficient unbiased sampling; for example, if the CL = 90%, then in 90 out of 100 samples the interval estimate will enclose the true population parameter. Here α is the area under the curve, distributed equally under both the...
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Self-Concept

Self-concept is the cognitive and emotional understanding individuals hold about their identity. It evolves through various developmental stages, beginning in infancy and maturing as children grow. This concept influences how individuals perceive their abilities, interact with others, and manage challenges throughout life.
Infancy and Emerging Recognition
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Understanding Self-Concept

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Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

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Trait and State Self-Esteem02:08

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Self-Efficacy01:29

Self-Efficacy

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

Development of a core confidence-higher order construct.

Alexander D Stajkovic1

  • 1Department of Management and Human Resources, School of Business, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. astajkovic@bus.wisc.edu

The Journal of Applied Psychology
|November 15, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces core confidence as a new construct to understand employee motivation in dynamic organizations. Core confidence, encompassing hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience, offers insights beyond current motivation theories.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Organizational Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Social Anthropology

Background:

  • Existing work motivation theories do not fully address the complexities of modern, rapidly changing organizations.
  • A gap exists in understanding the psychological underpinnings of employee motivation beyond traditional frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and develop the concept of "core confidence" as a higher-order construct.
  • To propose core confidence as a key factor in understanding employee motivation.
  • To explore the relationships between core confidence and employee performance, attitudes, and well-being.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual development drawing from social, clinical, and developmental psychology.
  • Integration of insights from social anthropology.
  • Formulation of propositions linking core confidence to key work-related outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Core confidence is proposed as a higher-order construct that underlies hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience.
  • These four variables (hope, self-efficacy, optimism, resilience) are suggested to be manifestations of a shared core confidence.
  • The construct offers a novel perspective on employee motivation.

Conclusions:

  • Core confidence provides a valuable framework for understanding employee motivation in contemporary organizational settings.
  • The proposed construct has implications for enhancing employee performance, attitudes, and subjective well-being.
  • Further research is needed to empirically validate the core confidence construct and its proposed relationships.