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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
Published on: March 30, 2015
Real-time contrast-enhanced sonography in renal transplant recipients
Vedat Schwenger1, Ulrich-Paul Hinkel, Anna-Maria Nahm
1Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. vedat.schwenger@med.uni-heidelberg.de
Abstract:
Conventional colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) is a well-established and the most frequently used imaging procedure to diagnose kidney allograft dysfunction. Unfortunately, this technique is limited to the estimation of the allograft perfusion in large arteries. Early diagnosis of vascular damage, i.e., chronic allograft nephropathy is essential for an early therapeutic intervention. CDUS is still limited in interpreting vascular integrity. In contrast-enhanced sonography (CES) is a feasible technique for quantitative analysis of kidney perfusion and early diagnosis of biopsy proven chronic allograft nephropathy. CES does not provide only quantitative information on microvascular perfusion of the renal allografts but also represents improved diagnostic significance compared with CDUS for the detection of chronic allograft nephropathy.
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