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Inflammatory response to a titanium surface with potential bioactive properties: an in vitro study.

Anna Göransson¹, Christina Gretzer, Anna Johansson

¹Department of Biomaterial Science, Institute of Surgical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sweden. anna.goransson@biomaterials.gu.se

Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research

|November 15, 2006

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Bioactive implant surfaces aim to speed bone healing, but their inflammatory effects are unclear. This study found anodized surfaces increased cell adherence but showed similar inflammatory responses to other implant types.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Immunology

Background:

Hard tissue implant research focuses on bioactive surfaces to accelerate bone healing.
The inflammatory response to these bioactive surfaces is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the in vitro early inflammatory response to a potentially bioactive anodized surface with incorporated magnesium (anodized/Mg).
To compare the inflammatory response of anodized/Mg surfaces with turned, blasted, and standard anodized surfaces.

Main Methods:

Surface topography was characterized using interferometry.
Human mononuclear cells were incubated with modified implant surfaces for 24 and 72 hours.
Cell adherence, viability, differentiation, and cytokine production (with/without LPS stimulation) were analyzed.

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Main Results:

Anodized surfaces, particularly with Mg, showed significantly higher mononuclear cell adherence.
No significant differences in cytokine production or cell differentiation were observed across surfaces.
Anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 levels remained stable, while pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cell numbers decreased over time.

Conclusions:

Anodized surfaces, with or without Mg ions, enhance cell adherence but elicit an inflammatory response comparable to turned and blasted surfaces.
The potentially bioactive anodized/Mg surface demonstrated an inflammatory response similar to a TiUnite-like anodized surface, despite having a smoother topography.