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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

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Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
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Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

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High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
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Published on: March 24, 2015

Interferon inhibitory activity in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Kailash Chadha1, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Robert Zivadinov

  • 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Jacobs Neurological Institute, , Buffalo, New York 14263, USA. Kailash.Chadha@RoswellPark.org

Archives of Neurology
|November 15, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Interferon inhibitory activity (IIA) is linked to increased multiple sclerosis (MS) disease activity and impacts treatment response in patients negative for neutralizing antibodies. Higher IIA levels correlate with greater disease progression and partial responsiveness to interferon beta therapy.

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Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) treatment with interferon beta can lead to partial responsiveness.
  • Neutralizing antibodies are typically assessed, but Interferon Inhibitory Activity (IIA) has not been evaluated as a factor.
  • Soluble interferon-alpha/beta receptor (sIFNR) is another potential modulator of interferon beta therapy response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Interferon Inhibitory Activity (IIA) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
  • To determine the influence of soluble interferon-alpha/beta receptor (sIFNR) on MS patient response to interferon beta therapy.
  • To correlate IIA and sIFNR levels with clinical and MRI-based disease activity in MS.

Main Methods:

  • An open-label study involving 38 anti-interferon beta neutralizing antibody-negative MS patients and 16 controls.
  • Measurement of Interferon Inhibitory Activity (IIA) via bioassay and soluble interferon-alpha/beta receptor (sIFNR) via ELISA.
  • Patients were categorized into stable/good-responders and active/partial-responders based on clinical outcomes and MRI data.

Main Results:

  • Interferon Inhibitory Activity (IIA) and sIFNR levels were significantly elevated in MS patients compared to controls.
  • Higher IIA levels were observed in active/partial responders versus stable/good responders (P<.001).
  • Interferon Inhibitory Activity (IIA) levels showed a significant association with T2 lesion volume, a marker of MS disease activity.

Conclusions:

  • Interferon Inhibitory Activity (IIA) levels are associated with increased disease activity in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
  • IIA levels correlate with treatment responsiveness in MS patients who are negative for neutralizing antibodies against interferon beta.
  • IIA may serve as a predictive biomarker for interferon beta therapy outcomes in specific MS patient populations.