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Body dysmorphic disorder and cosmetic surgery.

Canice E Crerand1, Martin E Franklin, David B Sarwer

  • 1Philadelphia, Pa. From the Department of Psychology, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety, and Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; and Department of Psychiatry, Weight and Eating Disorders Program, Edwin and Fannie Gray Hall Center for Human Appearance.

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Summary

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is common in cosmetic treatment seekers. Effective treatments include pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, not cosmetic procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition.
  • Individuals seeking cosmetic procedures are a common demographic for BDD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and diagnostic criteria of BDD.
  • To discuss etiologic theories, characteristics, and comorbidities of BDD.
  • To highlight BDD prevalence in cosmetic populations and review treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of BDD history, diagnosis, and epidemiology.
  • Analysis of BDD comorbidity with obsessive-compulsive and impulse control disorders.
  • Review of medical, psychiatric, and psychological interventions for BDD.

Main Results:

  • BDD is a severe, impairing disorder affecting 7-15% of cosmetic treatment seekers.
  • Cosmetic procedures typically do not benefit individuals with BDD.
  • Pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy show effectiveness for BDD.

Conclusions:

  • Cosmetic providers can identify and refer patients with BDD for mental health care.
  • Early identification and intervention are crucial for managing BDD in cosmetic populations.
  • Further research is needed to optimize BDD treatment and management strategies.