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Related Concept Videos

Micelles01:30

Micelles

Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...
Surface Active Agents01:27

Surface Active Agents

Surfactants, named for their behavior at interfaces, positively adsorb at the interfaces of two phases, reducing interfacial tension. Their versatility as emulsifiers, detergents, and foaming agents stems from this ability. Surfactants, often termed amphiphiles, share the property of amphipathy, with molecules having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. The hydrophilic part is called the head, and the hydrophobic part, including an elongated alkyl substituent, forms the tail.Surfactants...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Solubility03:00

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...
Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins01:18

Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins

Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

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Synthesis of Monocyte-targeting Peptide Amphiphile Micelles for Imaging of Atherosclerosis
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Threadlike micelle formation of anionic surfactants in aqueous solution.

Kenji Nakamura1, Toshiyuki Shikata

  • 1Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|November 17, 2006
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Summary

Anionic surfactants and additives form entangled threadlike micelles in water, exhibiting significant viscoelasticity. These systems demonstrate 1:1 stoichiometric complex formation and can be modeled using a Maxwell element.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Rheology
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Threadlike micelles are known to form from cationic surfactants and specific additives.
  • Anionic surfactant systems with similar properties have not been extensively studied.
  • Viscoelasticity in micellar solutions is crucial for various industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation of threadlike micelles using anionic surfactants and additives.
  • To characterize the viscoelastic properties of these novel anionic micellar systems.
  • To determine the structural and stoichiometric characteristics of the formed complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of aqueous solutions containing anionic surfactants (sodium hexadecyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate) and cationic additives (pentylammonium bromides, p-toluidine halides).
  • Observation of micelle formation and entanglement in clear solutions.
  • Rheological measurements to assess viscoelastic behavior.
  • Analysis of surfactant-to-additive molar ratios to determine complex stoichiometry.

Main Results:

  • Formation of long, entangled threadlike micelles in aqueous solutions of anionic surfactants and additives.
  • Significant viscoelasticity observed in these anionic micellar systems.
  • Evidence of 1:1 stoichiometric complex formation between surfactant anions and additive cations.
  • Viscoelastic behavior adequately described by a single Maxwell element model.

Conclusions:

  • Anionic surfactants, in combination with specific additives, can form entangled threadlike micelles.
  • These systems exhibit remarkable viscoelastic properties, similar to those observed in cationic systems.
  • The formation of 1:1 stoichiometric complexes is key to the observed properties, highlighting a parallel with cationic surfactant systems.