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Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
For example, lysosomes in the animal cells...

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
For example, lysosomes in the animal cells...

Eukaryotic Compartmentalizations

Eukaryotic Compartmentalizations

One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
For example, lysosomes in the animal cells...

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach

Published on: August 8, 2025

eSLDB: eukaryotic subcellular localization database.

Andea Pierleoni¹, Pier Luigi Martelli, Piero Fariselli

¹Biocomputing Group, University of Bologna via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.

Nucleic Acids Research

|November 17, 2006

Summary

The Eukaryotic Subcellular Localization DataBase provides comprehensive annotations for eukaryotic proteomes, integrating experimental, homology-based, and predicted data for key species. This resource facilitates research by offering searchable and downloadable subcellular localization information.

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Area of Science:

Proteomics
Bioinformatics
Cell Biology

Background:

Understanding protein function requires knowledge of subcellular localization.
Existing databases may lack comprehensive or integrated localization data across multiple eukaryotic species.
Computational methods offer scalable approaches to predict protein localization.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a centralized database for eukaryotic subcellular localization data.
To integrate diverse data types including experimental, homology-based, and predicted localization.
To provide a user-friendly platform for accessing and analyzing this information.

Main Methods:

Compilation of experimentally determined localization data.
Application of homology-based inference for localization prediction.
Development and utilization of in-house machine learning algorithms for de novo prediction.
Integration of data for five eukaryotic proteomes: Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Caenorhabditis elegans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Arabidopsis thaliana.

Main Results:

The Eukaryotic Subcellular Localization DataBase (ESLDB) now houses curated localization data for five major eukaryotic proteomes.
Localization data is presented from three distinct approaches: experimental, homology-based, and machine learning prediction.
The database supports versatile searching by sequence, protein code, and description, with options for complex queries.

Conclusions:

The ESLDB serves as a valuable, freely accessible resource for researchers studying eukaryotic cell biology and proteomics.
The integration of multiple prediction methods enhances the reliability and scope of the provided localization data.
The database facilitates efficient data retrieval and download, supporting a wide range of biological investigations.