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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Published on: October 10, 2025

Heterotopic ossification in total cervical artificial disc replacement.

Christoph Mehren¹, Petr Suchomel, Frank Grochulla

¹Spine Center Munich, Orthozentrum, Munich, Germany. cmehren@schoen-kliniken.de

|November 17, 2006

Summary

Total cervical disc replacement (TCDR) showed a high rate of heterotopic ossification and spontaneous fusion in a 1-year follow-up. These findings may impact long-term segmental motion preservation after TCDR.

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Published on: October 10, 2025

Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomaterials science
Radiology

Background:

Limited radiologic outcome data exists for total cervical disc replacement (TCDR).
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a known complication after hip arthroplasty, but its incidence after TCDR is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) after TCDR using plain radiography.
To assess whether TCDR preserves segmental motion and improves daily living activities and pain levels.

Main Methods:

Prospective study of 54 patients (77 prostheses) undergoing TCDR with ProDisc C.
Radiographs analyzed at 1 year for HO using a 5-grade classification.
Clinical outcomes assessed via Visual Analog Scale and Neck Disability Index preoperatively and postoperatively.

Main Results:

No HO observed in 33.8% of segments; Grade 2 HO in 39.0%.
HO causing motion restriction occurred in 10.4% of cases.
Significant improvement in clinical parameters; 9.1% experienced spontaneous fusion at 1 year.

Conclusions:

A high rate of HO (66.2%) and spontaneous fusion (9.1% at 1 year) was observed after TCDR.
The incidence of HO suggests potentially higher rates of spontaneous fusion with longer follow-up.
Motion preservation after TCDR is contingent on preventing spontaneous fusion, necessitating further study of segmental mobility.