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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Forces in Sluice Gate01:11

Design Example: Forces in Sluice Gate

In hydraulic engineering, sluice gates are essential for managing water flow through channels, reservoirs, and irrigation systems. Sluice gates, acting as vertical barriers, regulate water by adjusting the gate's opening height, which changes the velocity and pressure of water flowing beneath the gate. Understanding the forces involved is crucial to designing sluice gates that can withstand dynamic pressure differences, especially when the gate is closed or partially open.
Key variables in...
Gradually Varying Flow01:29

Gradually Varying Flow

Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
Hydraulic Jump: Problem Solving01:16

Hydraulic Jump: Problem Solving

To analyze a hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel with a flow speed of 6 meters per second, follow these steps:Calculate Effective Upstream Velocity:When the downstream gate closes, a hydraulic jump forms, traveling upstream at 2 meters per second. This wave speed combines with the initial channel flow velocity, creating an effective upstream velocity.Identify Flow Velocities Before and After the Hydraulic Jump:Upstream of the hydraulic jump, the effective flow velocity includes both the...
Underflow Gates01:30

Underflow Gates

Underflow gates are vital for controlling water flow in irrigation canals. The three main types of underflow gates — vertical, radial, and drum gates — serve different purposes while ensuring effective flow management. Vertical gates move up and down, generating a free-flowing water jet; radial gates pivot to regulate the flow; and drum gates rotate for precise adjustments. The flow through these gates is influenced by downstream conditions, resulting in free or drowned outflow.Free and Drowned...
Net Change Theorem01:22

Net Change Theorem

The Net Change Theorem is a fundamental principle in calculus that establishes a direct relationship between a function’s rate of change and its accumulated change over an interval. Mathematically, it states that the definite integral of a function's derivative over a given interval [a,b] yields the net change in the original function:This theorem has significant applications in various real-world scenarios, including physics, economics, and engineering. A particularly useful application is in...

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Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds
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Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds

Published on: September 26, 2017

Flushing submarine canyons.

Miquel Canals1, Pere Puig, Xavier Durrieu de Madron

  • 1CRG Marine Geosciences, Department of Stratigraphy, Paleontology and Marine Geosciences, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. miquelcanals@ub.edu

Nature
|November 17, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Dense shelf water cascading (DSWC) can trigger sediment flows in submarine canyons, transporting vast amounts of material to the deep ocean. This process, driven by density contrasts, impacts deep-sea ecosystems and carbon storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Marine Geology
  • Sedimentology

Background:

  • Submarine canyons act as conduits for sediment and organic matter transport from shelves to the deep ocean.
  • Sediment gravity flows in these canyons are typically attributed to sediment failure or river flooding, especially during high sea-level stands.
  • Dense shelf water cascading (DSWC) is a density-driven current phenomenon occurring on continental margins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of DSWC as a trigger for sediment gravity flows in submarine canyons.
  • To analyze the impact of DSWC on sediment transport and deep-sea environments.
  • To assess the potential influence of climate change on DSWC frequency and intensity.

Main Methods:

  • Observations were conducted in a submarine canyon on the Gulf of Lions margin, NW Mediterranean Sea.
  • Analysis focused on identifying DSWC events and their correlation with sediment gravity flows.
  • Sediment transport and depositional impacts were assessed using observational data.

Main Results:

  • DSWC was identified as a trigger for sediment gravity flows in the studied submarine canyon.
  • These cascading events transport significant volumes of water and sediment, reshaping canyon floors.
  • DSWC was observed to be seasonal, driven by cooling and/or evaporation, and impacts deep-sea environments rapidly.

Conclusions:

  • DSWC is a significant, previously underestimated, mechanism for sediment and organic matter transport to the deep ocean.
  • The seasonal nature of DSWC highlights its importance in the transfer of materials across continental margins.
  • Future climate change may alter DSWC dynamics, impacting deep-sea carbon storage and ecosystem function.