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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses, temperature changes,...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies
06:40

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies

Published on: January 11, 2019

Diabetic nerve conduction abnormalities in the primary care setting.

Aaron I Vinik1, Xuan Kong, J Thomas Megerian

  • 1The Leonard Strelitz Diabetes Research Institutes, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology/Neurobiology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
|November 18, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Automated nerve conduction studies (NCS) confirm diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in primary care. Many diabetic patients, even asymptomatic ones, show nerve abnormalities, highlighting the utility of NCS for DPN evaluation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies
06:40

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies

Published on: January 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Diabetology
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) evaluation relies on objective nerve function measures.
  • Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are recommended for clinical and epidemiological assessment of DPN.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To use automated NCS technology to characterize nerve conduction in diabetic patients within primary care settings.
  • To assess the clinical utility of automated NCS for DPN diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 1,358 diabetic patients and 172 controls from 28 clinics underwent bilateral peroneal NCS using an automated instrument.
  • Neuropathic symptoms were quantified using the NTSS-6 questionnaire.
  • Multivariate regression identified risk factors for abnormal NCS.

Main Results:

  • 75.1% of diabetic patients had at least one NCS abnormality, with 53.2% showing bilateral abnormalities.
  • 45% of asymptomatic diabetic patients had bilateral NCS abnormalities, while 40% of symptomatic patients lacked them.
  • Age, height, weight, HbA1c, and diabetes duration predicted bilateral NCS abnormalities, explaining up to 16% of measurement variance.

Conclusions:

  • Automated NCS offers objective nerve conduction confirmation of DPN in primary care.
  • These findings support the clinical utility of automated NCS for DPN evaluation and epidemiology.