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Related Concept Videos

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis.

Brian Unwin1, Cynthia M Williams, William Gilliland

  • 1Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. bunwin@usuhs.mil

American Family Physician
|November 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis are common inflammatory conditions in older adults. Early diagnosis and corticosteroid treatment are crucial for managing symptoms and preventing serious complications like blindness.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Vasculitis

Background:

  • Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are common, related vasculitic conditions affecting individuals over 50.
  • These conditions often coexist and can be manifestations of the same underlying disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis.
  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to prevent severe outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical features of PMR and GCA.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tools including erythrocyte sedimentation rate and temporal artery biopsy.
  • Overview of corticosteroid therapy and long-term management strategies.

Main Results:

  • PMR presents with shoulder and pelvic pain/stiffness; GCA can cause visual loss, headaches, and jaw claudication.
  • Urgent diagnosis of GCA is vital to prevent irreversible blindness.
  • Corticosteroids are the primary treatment, often requiring long-term use (≥5 years).

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of PMR and GCA involves prompt diagnosis and sustained corticosteroid therapy.
  • Monitoring for side effects and disease flares is essential for chronic care.
  • With treatment, the prognosis for both conditions is generally good.