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Related Experiment Videos

Limits to evolution at range margins: when and why does adaptation fail?

Jon R Bridle1, Timothy H Vines

  • 1Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK. jon.bridle@bristol.ac.uk

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|November 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Population expansion is limited by factors at range margins. Models integrating population genetics and ecology show migration can hinder or aid adaptation, offering insights into evolution amid environmental change.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Genetics
  • Range Dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding range margin dynamics is crucial for predicting species' responses to environmental change.
  • Existing models increasingly integrate population genetics and ecology to explain range limits.
  • Species interactions at range edges can influence population expansion and adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize recent models of adaptation at environmental and parapatric range margins.
  • To discuss the dual role of migration in either swamping local adaptation or providing necessary genetic variation.
  • To explore how studying adaptation at range margins, including hybridization, informs general evolutionary limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of theoretical models combining population genetics and population ecology.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of model outcomes concerning migration effects (gene swamping vs. adaptive variation).
  • Examination of studies on adaptation at range margins, with and without hybridization.

    • Main Results:

    • Migration presents a dichotomy: it can impede local adaptation by overwhelming gene flow, or facilitate it by introducing adaptive genetic variation.
    • Models highlight that the net effect of migration depends on the balance between selection, gene flow, and the genetic basis of adaptation.
    • Hybridization at range margins can be a source of novel genetic variation, potentially driving adaptation.

    Conclusions:

    • Adaptation at range margins is a complex interplay of genetic and ecological factors, significantly influenced by migration patterns.
    • Studying range margins provides a powerful framework for understanding the general constraints on evolution, particularly in the face of rapid environmental change.
    • Insights from range margin models are vital for conservation biology and predicting species' future distributions.