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Vitamin D and cancer.

Roger Bouillon1, Guy Eelen, Lieve Verlinden

  • 1Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. roger.bouillon@med.kuleuven.be

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|November 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary

1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D [1,25-(OH)(2)D] and its receptor (VDR) regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. This review explores 1,25-(OH)(2)D

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D [1,25-(OH)(2)D] acts through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily.
  • VDR is found in classical tissues (bone, kidney, intestine) and numerous non-classical tissues.
  • Certain cell types possess 1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), enabling local 1,25-(OH)(2)D synthesis, suggesting paracrine functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the antiproliferative and differentiation-inducing effects of 1,25-(OH)(2)D and its analogs on various cell types.
  • To examine the molecular mechanisms underlying 1,25-(OH)(2)D's antiproliferative actions, including cell cycle regulators.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of 1,25-(OH)(2)D and its analogs in hyperproliferative disorders, particularly cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on 1,25-(OH)(2)D, VDR, and cell cycle regulation.
  • Analysis of in vivo experimental results in vitamin D-deficient or resistant animal models of cancer.
  • Evaluation of epidemiological and intervention studies linking vitamin D status/treatment to human cancer.

Main Results:

  • 1,25-(OH)(2)D inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation in diverse cell types.
  • Key cell cycle regulators (cyclins, CDKs, inhibitors, E2F factors) are involved in 1,25-(OH)(2)D's antiproliferative effects.
  • The precise regulatory hierarchy and essential pathways of 1,25-(OH)(2)D action on cell cycle progression are not fully elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • 1,25-(OH)(2)D and its analogs show promise as therapeutic agents for hyperproliferative diseases, including cancer.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms and optimize therapeutic strategies.
  • Vitamin D status and supplementation may play a role in cancer prevention and treatment.