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Related Concept Videos

Calculations of Electric Potential I01:15

Calculations of Electric Potential I

Consider a ring of radius R with a uniform charge density λ. What will the electric potential be at point M, which is located on the axis of the ring at a distance x from the center of the ring?
The ring is divided into infinitesimal small arcs such that point M is equidistant from all the arcs. Here, the cylindrical coordinate system is used to calculate the electric potential at point M. A general element of the arc between angles θ and θ + dθ is of the length Rdθ and has a charge of λRdθ.
Calculations of Electric Potential II01:27

Calculations of Electric Potential II

An electric dipole is a system of two equal but opposite charges, separated by a fixed distance. This system is used to model many real-world systems, including atomic and molecular interactions. One of these systems is the water molecule, but only under certain circumstances. These circumstances are met inside a microwave oven, where electric fields with alternating directions make the water molecules change orientation. This vibration is equivalent to heat at the molecular level.
Consider a...
Thermodynamic Potentials01:26

Thermodynamic Potentials

Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
Potential-Energy Criterion for Equilibrium01:16

Potential-Energy Criterion for Equilibrium

Potential energy or potential function plays an essential role in determining the stability of a mechanical system. If a system is subjected to both gravitational and elastic forces, the potential function of the system can be expressed as the algebraic sum of gravitational and elastic potential energy. If the system is in equilibrium and is displaced by a small amount, then the work done on the system equals the negative of the change in the system's potential energy from the initial to the...
Van der Waals Equation01:10

Van der Waals Equation

The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...

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Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
12:11

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Published on: April 8, 2020

Calculation of smooth potential energy surfaces using local electron correlation methods.

Ricardo A Mata1, Hans-Joachim Werner

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|November 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary

A new domain merging procedure creates smooth potential energy surfaces for local correlation methods. This approach improves accuracy in chemical reaction and enzyme simulations, enhancing computational chemistry predictions.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational chemistry
  • Quantum chemistry
  • Theoretical chemistry

Background:

  • Local correlation methods can produce discontinuous potential energy surfaces due to geometry dependence.
  • This discontinuity poses challenges for accurate modeling of chemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a domain merging procedure to resolve geometry dependence in local correlation methods.
  • To ensure continuous potential energy surfaces for improved computational accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • A novel domain merging technique was developed and applied.
  • The method was tested on heterolytic bond dissociations (ketene, propadienone), SN2 reactions, and a QM/MM study of chorismate mutase.

Main Results:

  • The domain merging procedure successfully generated smooth potential energy surfaces in all tested cases.
  • Basis set superposition error was reduced, leading to better convergence for barrier heights and weak interactions.
  • Accurate barrier heights were achieved, especially when electronic structures varied significantly.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed domain merging procedure effectively eliminates noncontinuous potential energy surfaces in local correlation methods.
  • This advancement offers a more reliable approach for studying chemical reactions and enzymatic processes.
  • The method enhances the accuracy and efficiency of computational chemistry simulations.