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Headache attributed to infection: observations on the IHS classification (ICHD-II)

E Marchioni1, E Tavazzi, G Bono

  • 1Institute of Neurology, IRCCS C. Mondino, Pavia, Italy. enrico.marchioni@mondino.it

Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache
|November 23, 2006
PubMed

Insights

This study revises the International Headache Society classification for headaches linked to infections. Proposed changes aim to clarify diagnostic criteria for meningitis, HIV/AIDS, and chronic post-infection headaches.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The International Headache Society (IHS) classification requires updates regarding headaches associated with infections.
  • Existing diagnostic criteria for certain infection-related headaches are unclear or confusing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revise specific sections of the IHS classification concerning headaches attributed to infections.
  • To improve the clarity and accuracy of diagnostic criteria for infection-related headaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search for original studies and reviews on headache and infections.
  • Expert review by 15 neurologists using a checklist to assess relevance, comprehensibility, and coherence.
  • Focused discussion on headaches attributed to lymphocytic meningitis, HIV/AIDS, and chronic post-infection conditions.

Main Results:

  • Headache attributed to lymphocytic meningitis is heterogeneous and needs subgrouping.
  • Diagnostic criteria for headache attributed to HIV/AIDS lack specificity and are confusing.
  • Diagnostic criteria for chronic post-infection headache require reconsideration, as pain is not the sole defining feature.

Conclusions:

  • Proposed revisions to the IHS classification will enhance the definition of headache profiles in specific CNS infections.
  • Further prospective studies are recommended to refine understanding and classification of infection-related headaches.

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