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Related Concept Videos

Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...

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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 8, 2017

Postmalaria neurologic syndrome: a case report.

Cheng-Fang Hsieh1, Pang-Ying Shih, Ruey-Tay Lin

  • 1Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences
|November 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Post-malaria neurologic syndrome (PMNS) can cause delayed neurologic and psychiatric symptoms after Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Corticosteroid treatment showed significant improvement in a patient with PMNS.

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Isolation and Analysis of Brain-sequestered Leukocytes from Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected Mice
12:48

Isolation and Analysis of Brain-sequestered Leukocytes from Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected Mice

Published on: January 2, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Neurologic and psychiatric symptoms can manifest after acute malarial infection, even after parasite clearance.
  • This delayed phenomenon is termed post-malaria neurologic syndrome (PMNS) and can occur within two months of recovery.

Observation:

  • A 50-year-old male developed severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria with multi-organ involvement, including cerebral malaria.
  • Following discharge, he experienced a recurrence of neurologic symptoms including headache, dizziness, ataxia, and behavioral changes.
  • Investigations revealed diffuse cerebral dysfunction, cytoalbuminologic dissociation in CSF, and sensory polyneuropathy.

Findings:

  • The patient presented with irritability, delirium, visual hallucinations, and truncal ataxia.
  • Corticosteroid therapy, specifically methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone, led to gradual improvement in his unsteadiness and cognitive symptoms.
  • PMNS manifestations are diverse, ranging from confusional states to seizures, tremors, cerebellar syndromes, and polyneuropathy.

Implications:

  • Corticosteroids may be a beneficial treatment for reversing the symptoms of post-malaria neurologic syndrome.
  • Early recognition and intervention with corticosteroids can potentially improve outcomes for patients with PMNS.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering PMNS in patients with neurologic or psychiatric symptoms following malaria.