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Solid-like character of virus solutions.

D W Kupke, J W Beams

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|May 1, 1977

Summary

Turnip yellow mosaic virus solutions exhibit solid-like properties, with yield stress increasing with concentration. This behavior is dependent on intact viral RNA and is lost upon damage, indicating a specific structural requirement.

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Structural Biology
Virology

Background:

Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is a plant virus with a distinct structure.
Understanding the physical properties of viral solutions is crucial for various applications.
Previous studies suggested potential solid-like behavior in viral solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the solid-like behavior of turnip yellow mosaic virus solutions.
To quantify the yield stress required to liquefy these solutions.
To determine factors influencing this behavior, such as viral RNA and concentration.

Main Methods:

Utilized a custom-developed torsion-fiber balance for direct yield stress measurement.
Extruded viral RNA from TYMV solutions using alkali treatment.

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Tested purified viral capsids with and without RNA.

Main Results:

Observed solid-like behavior in TYMV solutions after RNA extrusion.
Yield stress increased with virus concentration and was maximal at room temperature.
Damaged virus (e.g., freeze-thaw) or purified capsids showed no solid-like behavior.
Solutions transitioned to liquid-like behavior above specific yield stress thresholds.

Conclusions:

The solid-like behavior of TYMV solutions is dependent on the presence of intact viral RNA.
Yield stress is a key parameter characterizing the transition from solid-like to liquid-like states.
The observed phenomena are intrinsic properties of the virus structure, not artifacts of measurement methods.