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Chlorpyrifos-induced delayed polyneuropathy.

E Capodicasa1, M L Scapellato, A Moretto

  • 1Universita' degli Studi di Padova, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Italy.

Archives of Toxicology
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Chlorpyrifos causes delayed polyneuropathy in hens, similar to humans. Previous studies may have used insufficient doses, as significant neuropathy target esterase inhibition requires higher chlorpyrifos exposure and antidotal treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Neuroscience
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide linked to human delayed polyneuropathy.
  • Previous research yielded conflicting results regarding chlorpyrifos-induced neuropathy in hens, a common animal model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of chlorpyrifos to induce delayed polyneuropathy in hens.
  • To compare the sensitivity of hen and human enzymes to chlorpyrifos-induced neurotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Administration of oral chlorpyrifos doses to hens to determine the minimal neuropathic dose.
  • Measurement of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neuropathy target esterase (NTE) inhibition.
  • In vitro studies using hen and human brain homogenates to assess enzyme hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite, chlorpyrifos-oxon.

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Main Results:

  • Chlorpyrifos induced delayed polyneuropathy in hens at doses 4-6 times the LD50.
  • Significant NTE inhibition (>70%) occurred within 5-6 days, while AChE inhibition (>90%) was rapid.
  • Chlorpyrifos-oxon was more potent against AChE than NTE in both hen and human enzymes.
  • Hen and human enzymes showed similar hydrolysis rates for chlorpyrifos.

Conclusions:

  • Hens are susceptible to chlorpyrifos-induced delayed polyneuropathy, mirroring human responses.
  • Lower doses used in prior hen studies likely explain negative findings.
  • Species-specific differences in enzyme sensitivity are unlikely, suggesting neuropathy develops after severe cholinergic toxicity requiring antidotal intervention in both humans and hens.