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Growth condition-dependent Esp expression by Enterococcus faecium affects initial adherence and biofilm formation.

Willem J B Van Wamel1, Antoni P A Hendrickx, Marc J M Bonten

  • 1Eijkman-Winkler Institute, Room G04-614, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. w.j.b.vanwamel@umcutrecht.nl

Infection and Immunity
|November 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Enterococcus faecium surface protein (Esp) expression varies by strain and growth conditions, impacting bacterial adherence and biofilm formation. This adaptability may contribute to hospital infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Clonal complex 17 (CC-17) Enterococcus faecium strains are linked to hospital outbreaks.
  • These strains often possess a pathogenicity island encoding enterococcal surface protein (Esp).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression, surface exposure, and functional relevance of Esp in E. faecium.
  • To determine how growth conditions influence Esp surface levels and adherence properties.

Main Methods:

  • Western blotting, flow cytometry, and electron microscopy to assess Esp.
  • Real-time PCR to quantify esp gene transcription.
  • Adherence assays and biofilm formation tests.

Main Results:

  • Esp is expressed and surface-exposed on E. faecium, with significant strain-to-strain variation.
  • Surface Esp levels increase at body temperature (37°C) and under anaerobic conditions.
  • Higher surface Esp correlates strongly with increased polystyrene adherence and biofilm formation.

Conclusions:

  • E. faecium dynamically regulates Esp surface expression in response to environmental cues.
  • This adaptability likely plays a role in the pathogenesis of E. faecium infections.
  • Variability in Esp expression may explain conflicting reports on its role in biofilm formation.