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Giant nevi: a review.

Connie Chung1, Antonio Jorge V Forte, Deepak Narayan

  • 1Section of Plastic Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|November 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Giant congenital nevi are benign skin growths present at birth. While their genetic cause is unknown, they may link to other diseases and have a debated risk of malignancy, often managed with surgical excision.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Congenital nevi are benign neoplasms composed of nevomelanocytes, present at birth.
  • Giant congenital nevi are defined by size (>20 cm diameter or >2% body surface area).
  • These lesions are transformed melanocytes with an unknown genetic basis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the characteristics, associations, and management of giant congenital nevi.
  • To discuss the controversial malignant potential of these lesions.
  • To review current treatment strategies for large congenital melanocytic nevi.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on congenital nevi and giant congenital nevi.
  • Histological description of nevi.
  • Summary of associated conditions and genetic findings (chromosome rearrangements in 1p, 12q, 19p).

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Main Results:

  • Giant congenital nevi can be associated with various conditions, including neurocutaneous melanosis and skeletal abnormalities.
  • The risk of malignant transformation in giant nevi is debated, with varying reported incidences.
  • Surgical excision is the primary treatment, often involving staged procedures with skin grafts or tissue expanders.

Conclusions:

  • Giant congenital nevi are complex lesions with potential systemic associations and a debated malignant risk.
  • Management requires careful consideration of associated conditions and the lesion's malignant potential.
  • Staged surgical excision is the current standard of care for large congenital melanocytic nevi.