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Related Experiment Videos

One-dimensional GIS-based model compared with a two-dimensional model in urban floods simulation.

J Lhomme1, C Bouvier, E Mignot

  • 1UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, Maison des Sciences de l'Eau, 300 avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34000 Montpellier, France. lhomme@msem.univ-montp2.fr

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|November 24, 2006
PubMed
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A new GIS-based 1D flood model accurately simulates urban flooding in Nîmes, France. While effective on steep streets, its accuracy decreases on gentler slopes compared to 2D models.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental science
  • Hydrology
  • Urban planning

Background:

  • Urban flooding poses significant risks to city infrastructure and populations.
  • Accurate flood simulation models are crucial for effective urban flood risk management.
  • Existing models may have limitations in representing complex urban street networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a GIS-based one-dimensional (1D) flood simulation model for urban street networks.
  • To assess the model's performance by comparing its results with a two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic model.
  • To map flow depths and velocities within the street network of Nîmes, France.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Geographic Information System (GIS) to derive 1D model geometry from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed the kinematic wave approximation for flow routing between 1D elements.
  • Adapted a conceptual scheme for computing flow at X-shaped urban crossroads.

    • Main Results:

    • The 1D model demonstrated good agreement with the 2D model in steep street sections.
    • Significant differences between the 1D and 2D models were observed in less steep street areas.
    • The study identified specific reasons for model discrepancies and proposed future research directions.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed GIS-based 1D flood model offers a viable tool for urban flood simulation, particularly in areas with pronounced gradients.
    • Further refinement is needed to improve accuracy in complex urban geometries and gentler slopes.
    • The findings highlight the importance of model selection based on topographical characteristics for urban flood mapping.