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Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

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In Vitro Analysis of Myd88-mediated Cellular Immune Response to West Nile Virus Mutant Strain Infection

In Vitro Analysis of Myd88-mediated Cellular Immune Response to West Nile Virus Mutant Strain Infection

Published on: November 27, 2014

Modelling geographic variations in West Nile virus.

Nikolaos W Yiannakoulias¹, Donald P Schopflocher, Lawrence W Svenson

¹Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton. nwy@ualberta.ca

Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique

|November 24, 2006

Summary

Spatial modeling of West Nile virus (WNv) in Alberta reveals that grasslands and human testing rates predict WNv incidence. Urban living, however, showed a negative association with WNv cases.

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Published on: November 27, 2014

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Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Spatial Analysis
Public Health

Background:

West Nile virus (WNv) poses a significant public health concern, necessitating effective spatial modeling for disease control.
Understanding the spatial distribution of WNv is crucial for targeted interventions and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and apply a spatial modeling method to understand West Nile virus (WNv) incidence in humans.
To identify key environmental and human-related factors influencing WNv spatial variation in Alberta.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from 503 Alberta municipalities, including bird, environmental, and human testing data.
Employed generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to account for spatial autocorrelation and model WNv infection incidence.

Main Results:

Identified 275 confirmed WNv cases in Alberta during 2003.
Spatial modeling indicated that proximity to grasslands and higher human testing rates were significant positive predictors of WNv.
Urban living was identified as a significant negative predictor of WNv incidence.

Conclusions:

Infected bird data provided minimal contribution to the predictive model.
Variations in human testing rates may confound the spatial distribution of WNv in Alberta.
Environmental risk factors, consistent with existing North American WNv knowledge, were associated with infection incidence.