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Microbial leaching, also known as bioleaching, is an environmentally favorable method for extracting metals from low-grade ores using specific microorganisms. This biotechnological approach is particularly valuable for mining operations targeting copper, gold, and uranium, where traditional extraction methods may be economically or environmentally impractical.Copper Leaching and Microbial CatalysisIn copper bioleaching, crushed ore is arranged into heaps and irrigated with a dilute sulfuric...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

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Modest copper supplementation blocks molybdenosis in cattle.

Merl F Raisbeck1, Roger S Siemion, Michael A Smith

  • 1Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
|November 24, 2006
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Supplemental copper (Cu) can protect cattle from molybdenosis caused by high dietary molybdenum (Mo). Moderate Cu supplementation allowed cattle to graze pastures with high Mo levels without adverse health or reproductive effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Nutrition
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Molybdenosis in cattle is linked to low dietary copper (Cu) to molybdenum (Mo) ratios (<10:1), particularly with high sulfur (>3,000 ppm).
  • Some experts consider >10 ppm dietary Mo hazardous to cattle irrespective of Cu levels, though this is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if high supplemental copper (Cu) could mitigate adverse effects of elevated dietary molybdenum (Mo) in cattle.
  • To determine the safety of grazing high-Mo pastures with adequate Cu supplementation.

Main Methods:

  • Pregnant cows grazed on pastures with background Mo, 13 ppm Mo, or 230 ppm Mo.
  • Cows on Mo pastures received either 17 ppm supplemental Cu or a supplement plus Cu boluses.
  • Tissue Mo concentrations and general health/reproduction were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Elevated tissue Mo concentrations were observed in supplemented groups.
  • Adverse effects of Mo were only seen in the 230 ppm Mo/17 ppm Cu group.
  • Moderate Cu supplementation (17 ppm) prevented negative impacts in cows on high-Mo pastures.

Conclusions:

  • Adequate dietary copper supplementation can protect cattle from molybdenosis, even on pastures with high molybdenum concentrations.
  • Supranutritional copper levels appear to be protective against molybdenum toxicity in cattle.
  • Cattle can tolerate high dietary molybdenum when provided with sufficient copper.