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Identification of Rare Bacterial Pathogens by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS
06:34

Identification of Rare Bacterial Pathogens by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS

Published on: July 11, 2016

First reported infections caused by three newly described genera in the family Xanthomonadaceae

P Rocco LaSala1, Jonathan Segal, Faye S Han

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology
|November 24, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Newly identified Xanthomonadaceae bacteria, including Dokdonella koreensis and Aquimonas voraii, caused bloodstream infections in three patients with hematological disorders. These rare pathogens were successfully treated with antibiotics, showing susceptibility to most tested agents.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • The Xanthomonadaceae family comprises environmental bacteria, rarely causing human infections, with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia being a notable exception.
  • Identification of novel bacterial genera and species is crucial for understanding emerging pathogens and their clinical significance.

Observation:

  • Three cases of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections (BSIs) are reported.
  • The causative agents were identified as Dokdonella koreensis, Aquimonas voraii, and a Luteibacter sp., all newly described genera within Xanthomonadaceae.
  • All patients had underlying hematological disorders and presented with fever.

Findings:

  • These novel Xanthomonadaceae isolates required 16S rRNA gene sequencing for accurate identification.
  • Unlike Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, these organisms demonstrated susceptibility to a broad range of antibiotics.
  • All three patients recovered fully following appropriate antimicrobial treatment.

Implications:

  • This study highlights the potential for previously unrecognized Xanthomonadaceae members to act as opportunistic human pathogens.
  • The findings underscore the importance of advanced molecular techniques for identifying rare or novel infectious agents.
  • Susceptibility to common antibiotics suggests that infections caused by these genera may be manageable with standard therapeutic approaches.

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