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The substantia nigra pars compacta and temporal processing.

Marjan Jahanshahi1, Catherine R G Jones, Georg Dirnberger

  • 1Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom. m.jahanshahi@ion.ucl.ac.uk

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|November 24, 2006
PubMed
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The basal ganglia and cerebellum are involved in timing. This study used PET scans to show distinct roles for these brain regions in processing short and long time intervals.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The basal ganglia and cerebellum are implicated in time perception.
  • Their specific roles in timing short (milliseconds) versus long (seconds) intervals are not fully understood.
  • A hypothesis suggests cerebellum for short intervals and basal ganglia for long intervals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential roles of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in timing.
  • To test the hypothesis that interval duration differentially engages these brain structures.
  • To identify brain regions involved in temporal processing using neuroimaging.

Main Methods:

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow.
  • Eight right-handed males performed reproduction tasks for short (500 ms) and long (2 s) intervals.

Related Experiment Videos

  • A simple reaction time (RT) task served as a control to isolate temporal processing activity.

    • Main Results:

    • The left substantia nigra and left lateral premotor cortex showed increased activation during time reproduction compared to RT control.
    • The left caudate nucleus and right cerebellum were more active for short intervals.
    • The right putamen and right cerebellum showed greater activation for long intervals.

    Conclusions:

    • Both the basal ganglia and cerebellum are engaged in reproducing both short and long intervals, but they play distinct roles.
    • The substantia nigra appears fundamentally involved in temporal processing.
    • Dopamine's modulatory influence on timing is suggested.