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Related Concept Videos

Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

1.0K
Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff...
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Separation and Fractionation of Culture Filtrate Proteins (CFPs) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Separation and Fractionation of Culture Filtrate Proteins (CFPs) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Published on: July 11, 2025

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A case for passive immunoprophylaxis against tuberculosis.

Rajko Reljic1, Juraj Ivanyi

  • 1Clinical and Diagnostic Research Group, Guy's Campus, Kings College London, London, UK.

The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
|November 25, 2006
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Summary

Passive immunoprophylaxis using antibodies shows promise for tuberculosis control, particularly against HIV-associated tuberculosis. Monoclonal antibodies targeting specific antigens may offer substantial protection, warranting further research.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Separation and Fractionation of Culture Filtrate Proteins (CFPs) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • HIV-associated tuberculosis is a growing global health crisis, especially in Africa and Southeast Asia.
  • Existing tuberculosis control measures are insufficient to curb the escalating rates of co-infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel strategies for tuberculosis control.
  • To discuss the potential of passive immunoprophylaxis with antibodies as a new approach.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on host resistance and passive vaccination.
  • Analysis of experimental results from mouse models using monoclonal antibodies against specific tuberculosis antigens (Acr, lipoarabinomannan).

Main Results:

  • Monoclonal antibodies targeting antigens like Acr or lipoarabinomannan demonstrated significant passive protection in mouse models of tuberculosis.
  • Findings are supported by studies showing passive vaccination efficacy against other intracellular pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Passive immunoprophylaxis with antibodies presents a potential new avenue for tuberculosis control.
  • Further development of humanized antibody reagents and understanding of their mechanisms are crucial for clinical application.