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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
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Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
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Challenges associated with metabolic syndrome.

Sarah A Spinler1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4495, USA.

Pharmacotherapy
|November 28, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death, with metabolic syndrome significantly increasing risk. Managing key factors like obesity, hypertension, and diabetes is crucial for prevention.

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Pulse-Wave Velocity, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Population with Metabolic Syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in the US, with substantial economic burden.
  • Despite therapeutic advances, residual CVD risk persists, partly due to the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
  • Metabolic syndrome, characterized by abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, significantly elevates risks for atherosclerotic CVD and type 2 diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant public health challenge posed by cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.
  • To underscore the association between metabolic syndrome, its underlying risk factors (abdominal obesity, insulin resistance), and cardiovascular events.
  • To emphasize current therapeutic strategies and the need for further research in managing metabolic syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of epidemiological data on CVD and metabolic syndrome prevalence and costs.
  • Analysis of the interrelationship between metabolic syndrome components and cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Review of current clinical guidelines for managing metabolic syndrome and its associated risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Cardiovascular disease claims approximately 2500 American lives daily, exceeding the next four leading causes combined.
  • Metabolic syndrome affects roughly 47 million US adults, with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance as primary drivers.
  • Individuals with metabolic syndrome face increased risks of atherosclerotic CVD and type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Lifestyle modification targeting major CVD risk factors (lipids, blood pressure, diabetes) is the recommended first-line therapy for metabolic syndrome.
  • Current management of metabolic syndrome should align with established clinical guidelines for cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Further research is needed to define optimal therapeutic approaches for individuals with metabolic syndrome.