Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Are older adult research participants representative of the general population? Results from 19 clinical studies at one academic research center.

Contemporary clinical trials·2026

Same author

Rebuilding U.S. Heart Failure Site-Based Research: A National Expert Authority Blueprint From the Heart Failure Collaboratory.

JACC. Heart failure·2026

Same author

Arterial Stiffness Mechanisms and Orthostatic Hypotension in SPRINT: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

JACC. Advances·2026

Same author

Genetic demultiplexing and transcript start site identification from nanopore sequencing of 10x Genomics multiome libraries.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Physical rehabilitation for older patients with acute HFpEF (REHAB-HFpEF) trial: Design and rationale.

American heart journal·2026

Same author

A multi-layered approach to elucidate mechanisms of physical function in response to rehabilitation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Published on: February 20, 2017

Diastolic heart failure in the elderly.

Dalane W Kitzman¹, Kurt R Daniel

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. dkitzman@wfubmc.edu

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine

|November 28, 2006

Summary

Heart failure with normal ejection fraction is common in elderly women, causing severe symptoms and mortality. Controlling high blood pressure may be crucial for prevention and treatment.

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Geriatrics
Internal Medicine

Background:

Heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) disproportionately affects elderly women.
HFNEF patients experience significant exercise intolerance, high hospitalization rates, and increased mortality.
The underlying pathophysiology and optimal treatment strategies for HFNEF remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the current understanding of heart failure with normal ejection fraction.
To highlight the clinical challenges and unmet needs in managing HFNEF.
To discuss potential therapeutic avenues, including hypertension control.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature and clinical trial data on HFNEF.
Analysis of patient demographics and clinical outcomes in HFNEF.

More Related Videos

Pulsed Wave Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in the ZSF-1 Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease

Pulsed Wave Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in the ZSF-1 Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease

Published on: May 22, 2026

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models

Published on: July 21, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Published on: February 20, 2017

Pulsed Wave Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in the ZSF-1 Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease

Pulsed Wave Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in the ZSF-1 Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease

Published on: May 22, 2026

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models

Published on: July 21, 2023

Discussion of pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment implications.

Main Results:

Elderly women are a primary demographic for HFNEF.
HFNEF is associated with severe symptoms and poor prognosis.
Systemic hypertension is identified as a potential key factor in HFNEF.

Conclusions:

HFNEF presents a significant clinical challenge in the elderly population.
Further research into pathophysiology and treatment is urgently needed.
Management strategies may involve targeting systemic hypertension for prevention and treatment.