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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Comparative RNA Structure Analysis of Nascent and Mature Transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
09:12

Comparative RNA Structure Analysis of Nascent and Mature Transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: February 27, 2026

Common evolutionary trends for SINE RNA structures.

Feng-Jie Sun1, Sophie Fleurdépine, Cécile Bousquet-Antonelli

  • 1Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|November 28, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Short interspersed elements (SINEs) and long interspersed elements (LINEs) are mobile genetic elements. This study reveals conserved RNA structural motifs in tRNA-related SINEs across diverse eukaryotes, proposing a general evolutionary model.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Comparative RNA Structure Analysis of Nascent and Mature Transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
09:12

Comparative RNA Structure Analysis of Nascent and Mature Transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: February 27, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Evolution
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Short interspersed elements (SINEs) and long interspersed elements (LINEs) are mobile genetic elements in eukaryotic genomes, utilizing RNA intermediates for transposition.
  • SINEs are largely derived from transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, though their characteristic cloverleaf structure is often obscured in consensus RNAs.
  • The evolutionary history and genomic impact of these transposable elements are crucial for understanding genome dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary relationships and structural constraints of tRNA-related SINE RNAs in eukaryotes.
  • To propose a comprehensive model for the evolution of SINEs originating from tRNA genes.

Main Methods:

  • A cladistic approach was employed to analyze RNA structural components.
  • RNA structural motifs were coded as polarized and ordered multistate characters for comparative analysis.

Main Results:

  • Related structural motifs were identified in SINE RNAs from mammals, fishes, and plants.
  • Evidence suggests common selective pressures acting on the structural level of SINE RNAs.
  • Conserved structural elements indicate a shared ancestry and evolutionary trajectory.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support a common evolutionary origin for tRNA-related SINEs across diverse eukaryotic taxa.
  • A general multistep model for the evolution of these SINEs is proposed based on conserved structural features.