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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG
Published on: July 26, 2024
A combined computational and experimental study on the structure-regulation relationships of putative mammalian DNA
Reiko Hayashi1, Takako Arauchi, Moe Tategu
1Department of Life Sciences, Meiji University School of Agriculture, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
Abstract:
GINS, a heterotetramer of SLD5, PSF1, PSF2, and PSF3 proteins, is an emerging chromatin factor recognized to be involved in the initiation and elongation step of DNA replication. Although the yeast and Xenopus GINS genes are well documented, their orthologous genes in higher eukaryotes are not fully characterized. In this study, we report the genomic structure and transcriptional regulation of mammalian GINS genes. Serum stimulation increased the GINS mRNA levels in human cells. Reporter gene assay using putative GINS promoter sequences revealed that the expression of mammalian GINS is regulated by 17beta-Estradiol-stimulated estrogen receptor alpha, and human PSF3 acts as a gene responsive to transcription factor E2F1. The goal of this study is to present the current data so as to encourage further work in the field of GINS gene regulation and functions in mammalian cells.
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