[Psychological and psychopathological evaluation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]

In the literature, few studies refer specifically to the psychological and psychopathological aspects of the ALS. However most of these studies mention the psychological specificities observed in ALS patients. In fact, they are not depressed, nor anxious, and they seem to accept surprisingly well the threathening diagnosis. Some authors have mentionned the presence of denial as an adaptive mechanism. It remains very difficult to compare the various studies. First, the stage of the evolution of the disease and the physical abilities of the patients differ greatly; in fact it has been demonstrated that at each stages the patient present specific psychological concerns. Second, the psychological concepts refer to different level of understanding. Some authors study depression or anxiety, others focus on the global psychological status and others focus on a psychological mechanism, such as denial for example. Third, the scales used to assess these psychological or psychopathological aspects are, on one hand, never specific to ALS and, on the other hand, are sometimes filled by the clinicien or sometimes self reports filled by the patient, his caregiver or even by the medical staff. Thus, many studies have created their own scales or interview, which are not validated. So, it appears necessary, in order to be able to compare the different results, to use validated scales which are recognized by the scientific community, while waiting for specific tools created and validated in populations of ALS patients.