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Proactive interference and cuing effects in short-term cued recall: does foil context matter?

Winston D Goh1, Huiqin Tan

  • 1T Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570. psygohw@nus.edu.sg

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Short-term memory recall is cue-driven. Contextual organization of interfering words (foils) increased intrusions, but proactive interference (PI) only occurred when retrieval cues encompassed both foil and target information.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Short-term memory recall is influenced by retrieval cues.
  • Proactive interference (PI) occurs when prior information interferes with current recall.
  • Contextual organization may affect the strength of interfering information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how contextual organization in a foil block affects proactive interference (PI) in short-term memory.
  • To determine if contextual organization enhances or diminishes the foil's efficacy in creating PI.
  • To examine the role of retrieval cue specificity in PI.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a short-term cued recall paradigm with two blocks of words.
  • Manipulated contextual organization within the foil block (phonological vs. semantic).
  • Varied retrieval cue specificity to subsume foil and target, or only target.

Main Results:

  • Contextual organization reliably increased foil intrusions.
  • No significant differences in recall accuracy were found between conditions.
  • PI was observed only when retrieval cues encompassed both foil and target information.

Conclusions:

  • Contextual organization strengthens foils, increasing their potential to cause interference.
  • The effectiveness of foils in generating PI is dependent on retrieval cue specificity.
  • Findings support a cue-driven retrieval model of short-term memory.